phi=seq(-0.95,0.95,0.05) factor1=(1+phi)/(1-phi) plot(y=factor1,x=phi,type='l') abline(h=1,col='red') set.seed(1329) y=arima.sim(model=list(ar=c(.9)),n=100) plot(y) library(TSA) acf(y) # estimate the mean by LS lm1=lm(y~1) summary(lm1) acf(y)$acf phi.hat=.82 factor1=(1+phi.hat)/(1-phi.hat) factor1